Those cells can be isolated by liposuction and such process allows for collection of clinically significant quantities of such cells without ethical concerns (Arana et al. An application of regenerative cells derived from adipose tissue becomes increasingly popular in regenerative medicine. In 2007, autologous MSCs were applied to a patient, resulting in the reduction of inflammation response and an improved healing process of the burns (Lataillade et al. The therapeutic application of MSC gives a positive outcome also in post-radiation burn treatment. 30% being third-degree burns) was treated with allergenic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells which led to increased angiogenesis and an accelerated wound healing process. A female patient with burns affecting 40% total body surface area (incl.
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The first clinical trial of using MSCs in burn treatment was performed in Russia in 2005. Second-degree burn is accompanied by the destruction of all epidermal layers. There is clinical evidence that intravenous infusions (2 × 10 5 cells/kg) of allogeneic MSCs reduce the GVHD (Machado Cde et al.
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The immunosuppressive character of MSC has a vital role in the case of allogeneic grafts, because the “immunologically privileged” cell population can be used to reduce the frequency of occurrence and the intensification of the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (Machado Cde et al. Despite the fact that an intensified expression of connective tissue growth factor in MSCs is limited to early phases of tissue repair, it improves the overall process (Steigman et al.
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Moreover, using allogeneic, fibroblast-like MSC on burn wounds under skin grafts reduces post-surgery pain and also promotes angiogenesis and epithelial growth (Teng et al. It has been proven that the presence of bone marrow stem cells restores angiogenesis by increasing basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and by an intensification of collagen synthesis, which is significantly higher in bone marrow stromal cells than in skin fibroblasts. Unlike medication, acting on particular pathways, MSC shows therapeutic activity by acting upon the combination of mutually linked pathways (Lataillade et al. The benefits of the use of the stem cells are partly related to their paracrine activity (Teng et al. Previous research showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a tremendous regenerative potential. However, an optimal source of stem cells and methods of applications in burn patients has to be specified (Blais et al. 2017), as well as novel artificial extracellular matrix components (Hudecki et al. Nowadays, several types of stem cells and partly differentiated tissue components are available (Cieslar-Pobuda et al. The stem cells, when applied in the treatment of burns, reduce systemic inflammatory response and, thus, reduce the risk of infectious complications and improve the treatment outcome of patients (Branski et al. The use of stem cells in burns treatment improves wound healing, understood as an earlier wound closure, healing acceleration, prevention of scar contractures, skin regeneration and, at best, its appendages (Blais et al. The aim of burn wound treatment is the structural and functional restoration of damaged skin to its original state (Lataillade et al. The main disadvantage is, however, their availability, as isogenic treatment would only be possible for women around children-bearing age, unless personalized banks for amniotic cells would be established. Amniotic cells show several advantages: easy access to placenta, low costs and a lack of ethical dilemmas related to stem cell harvesting. Additionally, in vitro experiments have demonstrated a higher applicability of amniotic cells than adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Amniotic cells presented a higher ability for differentiation to chondrocytes and osteocytes than adipose-derived regenerative cells but a lower ability for differentiation toward adipocytes. The efficiency of cell cultures was tested by an analysis of population doubling, cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell migration.
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Cells were tested for fulfillment of the minimum criteria for stem cells. Adipose tissue tissue-derived cells were isolated using the Cytori’s Celution® System. The placenta was collected during a Cesarean section procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the potential of heterogeneous amnion cell mixture with the presently used standard therapy, the adipose tissue-derived stem cells. As several different types of stem cells are available for the purposes, it is important to chose the most efficient and the most practicable stem cell type.
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Stem cells are increasingly being used in the course of burn treatment.